2008 farm bill summary

Requires appraisals based on uniform standards of professional appraisal practice or any other industry-approved standard.[Sec. [Sec. 7309], Provides $18 million in mandatory funds for the program in FY2009, and $19 million in mandatory funds in FY2010-2012. 6109], The 1990 farm bill, as amended, authorizes a rural electronic commerce extension program to provide assistance to rural businesses. The credit is $1.25 per gallon less the amount of small-producer ethanol credit claimed and the alcohol mixture credit claimed for ethanol. [Sec. No mandatory funds were authorized; no discretionary funds were appropriated. Note: Puerto Rico receives an annual (indexed) nutrition assistance block grant in lieu of operating a regular Food Stamp program. 1204(h)], Adopts Senate provision to pay cotton storage costs, except a 10% reduction applies to 2008-2011 crop years, and a 20% reduction in the 2012 crop year. For monitoring and evaluation of Title II non-emergency programs, the bill provides up to $22 million annually, not more than $8 million of which could be used for USAID's Famine Early Warning System (FEWS). [Sec. 3014], Directs USAID and USDA to submit a report on efforts to improve planning for food and transportation procurement, including efforts to eliminate bunching of food purchases. One-time mandatory funding of $245 million (FY2008-12), available until expended. [Sec. 110-200) that extends current law through April 25, 2008. 6010], Similar to the House bill, but also: defines "under-served community;" establishes priorities for projects that support community development and marketing, distributing, storing, aggregating, or processing a locally-produced product; sets a per-facility limit of up to $250,000 in loan/loan guarantees to modify/update facilities; and requires USDA to submit an annual report to Congress. Does not address the issue involving the import assessment.[Sec. 1510], Requires USDA to the maximum extent practicable to operate the sugar nonrecourse loan program at no net cost by avoiding sugar forfeitures to the CCC. 10409 of the Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA), enacted as part of the 2002 farm bill, directs USDA to carry out operations and measures to detect, control, or eradicate any livestock pest or disease, incl. [Sec. [Sec. 11016], Adopts Senate provision, with modification. Increases annual authorization of appropriations for TEFAP administrative and distribution costs to $100 million. 11080], The USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services program is charged with helping to alleviate wildlife damage to agricultural, urban, and natural resources. 6021], Authorizes a new Rural Collaborative Investment Program, with mandatory spending of $135 million for grants and administrative activities. [Sec. 351 of the FSA to authorize a National Natural Resources Conservation Foundation to raise private funds that will be used to promote conservation. [Sec. 3202 (1)] Permits waiving the requirement that U.S. goods be used in the construction of a facility, if such goods are not available or their use is not practicable. 1101(c)(2)] Same provision for peanuts. 110-205), May 1 (P.L. [Sec. [Sec. 11011], Sense of Senate that USDA should work with the private insurers to implement an expedited approach for indemnification of livestock producers in cases of cata-strophic disease outbreaks. 7102], Directs the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics to submit a "roadmap" that, among other things, describes recommended funding for competitive programs and infrastructure programs as unified categories, with some flexibility in implementation. 7315], Sec. Contents of contracts are specified and are for 5 years, with renewal if certain conditions are met. [7 U.S.C. 3801], (Note: some terms added by the Senate bill in this section are defined for specific conservation programs, as noted below. 4404 with provisions similar to those contained in prior law. 8001], Similar to the House bill, but with subtle differences in priorities for protecting and restoring forests and for enhancing benefits. 12311], Modified calculation of fuel credits. [Sec. The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes, in Title III of the farm bill, programs that provide international food aid and that promote U.S. commercial agricultural exports. Makes federal agencies, states and political subdivisions ineligible for payments, but tenants on such government-owned land may receive payments. [Sec. For the enacted crop insurance title, CBO has estimated net savings of $3.9 billion over five years (FY2008-2012), compared with estimated savings of $4.0 billion in the House bill and $3.7 billion in the Senate bill. 11015] Amends the FMIA and PPIA to require all establishments to promptly notify USDA if they have reason to believe an adulterated or misbranded product has entered commerce. Deletes both House and Senate provisions. The 2008 farm bill continues the DPSP through December 2012, but modifies the program by specifying, in the law itself, the minimum purchase prices for these manufactured dairy products. 12023] Requires USDA to develop risk management education programs for beginning, immigrant, socially disadvantaged, retiring, and transitioning farmers. Regarding foreign animal diseases, the enacted bill adopts the Senate provision that would compel USDA to issue a permit to Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to possess and work with live foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus at the proposed and yet-to-be-built National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, subject to compliance with USDA rules for handling "select agents." 12409], Adopts Senate provision on the like-kind exchange treatment involving mutual ditch, reservoir, or irrigation stock. Payments made directly to a person will be combined with the person's pro rata share of payments to a legal entity. 7314] Authorizes a pilot program to allow property at the ARS research center and the National Agricultural Library to be leased out. 8003], Subsections of the CFAA provide for a USDA Coordinating Committee, to coordinate among agencies, and for State Coordinating Committees, to coordinate with state foresters and other interested parties. Source: Compiled by CRS using the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) March 2007 baseline and CBO score of the conference agreement for H.R. If the March 2008 baseline were used, the bill's cost would be at least $4 billion over FY2008-FY2017. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Pub.L. [Sec. Although authorized in the farm bill, P.L. No advance payments. [Sec. Congress addressed the management issue in the 2002 farm bill by directing USDA to examine and report on the structure of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) management and the merits of establishing a National Institute of Food and Agriculture (possibly modeled after the National Institutes of Health). The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes several rural development and grant programs, including the Rural Economic Area Partnership; the National Rural Development Partnership; SEARCH grants; and Rural Business Opportunity Grants. 12302], Modified treatment of energy grants/loans. Generally assigns a recovery period of three-years to any race horse that is more than two years old at the time it is placed in service and a seven-year recovery period is assigned to any race horse that is two years old or younger at the time it is placed in service. [Sec. [Secs. For more information, see CRS Report RL34555, Speculation and Energy Prices: LegislativeResponses, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed], and CRS Report RS22912, The Enron Loophole, by [author name scrubbed]. Expands eligible land to include some types of marginal pasture-land and land enrolled in a new flooded farmland program. [7 U.S.C. [Sec. 10302], Authorizes $50 million subject to appropriations over the life of the farm bill to provide technical assistance and cost-sharing grants to producers seeking to convert from conventional to organic production. 1106(a)-(c)] Same provision for peanuts. Gives highest priority to applicants serving the most rural residents. [Sec. Up to 1% of funds may be reserved for federal administration, and states may use up to 5% of their allocation for administrative expenses. Requires three reports to Congress. [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. 6522], Specifies increased authorized annual funding levels for the NOP, starting at $5 million in FY2008 and rising to $11 million in FY2012. [Secs. Stipulates criteria for which grants will be awarded. November 6, 2008 11006], Sec. MAP promotes mainly high value farm exports, while FMDP promotes mainly bulk or generic commodity exports. In general, this act requires SBA to implement new planning, management oversight, and reporting procedures and authorizes private lending to supplement the disaster loans that SBA makes directly. Some policymakers wanted a Doha Round agreement so that the next farm bill could be made consistent with new farm trade rules; others argued that the United States should not unilaterally change its own subsidy programs ahead of any multilateral trade agreement. Adds another loan purpose to allow beginning farmers and ranchers to use a direct farm ownership loan to refinance a guaranteed farm ownership loan. [Sec. 1672 of the 1990 farm act authorizes research and extension grants on specialty crops as a high-priority research area. [Sec. Provides such sums as necessary to carry out existing CSP contracts. 7204], Sec. 1302(d)] Report language instructs USDA to allow for aggregation of farms when implementing the 10-acre requirement. 12504]. 6711], The House bill extends the section 221of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of, No comparable provision, but authorizes USDA to continue to provide for grants to the Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases to develop, analyze, and implement carbon cycle and greenhouse gas management research through cooperative research at the land grant universities. 1001(10)], Other oilseed: Adopts House definition. territories. 6021], Adopts Senate provision with technical changes. Similar to the House bill, and also recognizing the threat to the entire livestock industry. [Sec. [Sec. 5303], Defines what types of loans are eligible for the agricultural mortgage secondary market (Farmer Mac).[12 U.S.C. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. [7 U.S.C. Retains Senate language regarding a "roadmap." Prohibits loans to areas served by three or more providers. 9001], Establishes the USDA Energy Council to coordinate energy-related activities within USDA and between USDA and other agencies. Authorizes discretionary funds of such sums as are necessary. Authorizes $15 million per year for FY2009-12. Advance payments up to 50% (later reduced to 22% by P.L. [16 U.S.C. "Updated payment yield" means the yield established to calculate counter-cyclical payments. [Sec. The Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) March 2007 baseline budget served as the official benchmark for the FY2008 budget resolution and for scoring the budgetary impacts of the new farm bill. [Sec. [Sec. The sugar purchased must then be sold to bioenergy producers for processing into ethanol. The Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA) established the reimbursement rate below the statutory maximum for all insurance plans, ranging from 18.1% to 24.2%. FDA had asked companies to voluntarily not introduce meat and milk from cloned animals and offspring until it completes a final risk assessment and guidance on their safety. [Sec. Provides $1 million in funding annually (FY2009-2011) and authorizes $2 million (FY2012). [Sec. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. [7 U.S.C. 10303], Provides for technical assistance and cost-sharing under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) to producers seeking to convert to organic production. and at least $2/acre on up to 2.9 million acres. [Sec. 1981q(c)], Amends the Con Act to authorize grants to improve the technical infrastructure of rural health care facilities at $30 million annually (FY2008-12). [Sec. Economic injury disaster loans (maximum $1.5 million) are made to businesses to provide operating funds following a disaster. 1], "Food and Energy Security Act of 2007" [Sec. 9018], Establishes the Biomass Crop Transition Program, providing technical/financial assistance to agricultural producers for production, collection, harvest, storage and transportation of biomass crops for use in a biorefinery. 7932(d)], Establishes grading basis for pulse crops based on a grade not less than grade number 2 or other factors, including fair and average crop quality (adjusted to reflect normal discounts for less than number 2 quality). The final enacted bill also reauthorizes the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust, providing a reserve of commodities and cash that can be used to provide food aid in the event of unanticipated emergency food needs. 1304(c)], Target prices: 2008 crop year (same as prior law, except cotton lower) [Sec. [Sec. 2604], Adopts House provision and provides $100 million in mandatory funding for FY2009 to remain available until expended. [Sec. USDA, "Johanns Unveils 2007 Farm Bill Proposals," Release No. [Sec. 7049], Authorizes a $1 million annual appropriation to support nonprofit research on international anti-hunger and nutrition activities. 1101(c)(3)] Same provision for peanuts. For a grower of hybrid seed, the existence of a hybrid seed contract and other program rules shall not adversely affect the ability to receive a payment. However, the farm bill deleted various House- and Senate-passed proposals and grant programs targeting broadband service. Also stipulates that funds for Smith-Lever 3(d) programs (of which CYFERNet is one) are competitively awarded. The bill modifies terms and conditions of GRP contracts and easements to permit fire presuppression and addition of grazing-related activities, such as fencing and livestock watering. [Sec. Directs USDA to work in consultation with other federal and state government agencies, nongovernmental interests and other interested persons, as determined by USDA, to establish technical guide-lines for measuring environmental services and to establish a verification process (allowing for consideration of third party verifiers). [Secs. [Sec. 2611], Adopts Senate provision. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. [Sec. [Sec. 3839aa-2(g)], Extends through FY2012 the 60% of payments to livestock production requirement. 1401, 1403] Requires USDA to operate sugar-for-ethanol program (in Energy title) to ensure this no-cost directive is met. [Sec. 5301], Requires USDA to include beginning farmers and ranchers in the process when selling or leasing USDA-acquired property. 2002], Secs. [Sec. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with other agencies, to request that the National Academy of Sciences produce an analysis of current scientific findings relating to the future production of biofuels and its domestic impacts. 10303], Provides grants using Section 32 funds (7 U.S.C. Allows USDA to use non-federal contributions to administer program [Sec. [Sec. 14101], Defines the terms for purposes of program: agent, agricultural biosecurity, agricultural countermeasure, agricultural disease, agriculture, agroterrorist act, animal, department, development, plant, and qualified agricultural counter-measure. [Sec. Specifies that project proposals will be evaluated against the criteria laid out in the House bill, and specifies projects may not limit the use of benefits. 1101(f)], Strikes authority for PRP only, and requires USDA to commission a study on the feasibility of the PRP within 18 months of enactment. The 2008 farm bill also includes a pilot planting flexibility program for fruits and vegetables for processing, while continuing the overall restriction on planting fruits and vegetables on base acreage. Program payments may not be used for the design, construction, or maintenance of animal waste storage or treatment facilities or associated waste transport or transfer devices. 7901(7)], Extra long staple cotton: same as prior law. The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 [7 U.S.C. 6104], Makes changes to the geographic composition of the Mushroom Board, and other provisions. [7 U.S.C. Specifies contract is for 5 years, with renewal under certain conditions. 1401(c)], The 2002 farm bill mandated a new counter-cyclical payment program, the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program. [Sec. [Sec. 3839bb-1], Reauthorizes WHIP through FY2012; allows additional funds to be used to meet regulatory requirements that "reduces the economic scope of the producer's operation;" increases portion of funds for long-term agreements from 15% to 25% of funding. [Sec. Sales of specialty crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts, account for nearly one-third of U.S. crop cash receipts and one-fifth of U.S. agricultural exports, according to USDA. Applies to direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, marketing loan benefits, and conservation program payments for the 2003-07 crop years. [Sec. 7204], Sec. It also adds new provisions to address horticulture and livestock issues, and creates two new titles to address these sectors (Title X and Title XI). 1402], Similar (but not identical) to the House bill. USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) operates a program (other legislative authority) that provides certification as a service to U.S. exporters desiring to meet foreign sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) requirements. [Sec. "4 In part, this referred to the perceived need to more evenly distribute federal program spending and benefits across a larger share of the U.S. farm community, as well as the perceived need to modify current farm programs to better comply with WTO obligations and limit future legal challenges from other countries. States would receive at least 60% reimbursement of their costs (compared with 50% under the existing federal-state program provisions, which also continues). 7938], Same as prior law, except it does not specify form of payment (cash or certificates). 110-208) to extend current law through May 23, 2008, or until the 2008 farm bill, H.R. 1231]; delayed filing deadlines; abatement of fines/fees (P.L. Food safety research is part of USDA's research, extension, and education mission area, and is included in both intra- and extramural programs. [7 U.S.C. Repeals the immediate recognition of recapture income for sales of single-purpose agricultural or horticultural structures (i.e., barns and similar farm buildings). 40 provides a three-part tax credit for alcohol fuels. For peanuts, nonrecourse marketing loans available in crop years 2002-2007. 7206], Sense of Congress that in -house funding for ARS research on organic agriculture be at least commensurate with its share of the U.S. food market. 2354], Adopts House provision with changes to prioritize State, regional, or local resource concerns, and to allow for the grouping of applications of similar agriculture operations. 7138]; and changes the term from ASCARR institutions to non-land grant college of agriculture (NLGCA) institutions. 110-246 provided mandatory funding for many programs. 7402], Reflects the House provision but changes the name to the Research, Extension, and Education Office (REEO). By statute, USDA must explicitly permit research on FMD virus to be performed on the mainland of the United States, and has not yet done so. 2419), "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002" [7 U.S.C. The legislation contains safeguards designed to ensure that dairy farmers are not compelled by processors to participate in the program. ), Recourse loans available on actual production of a covered commodity. The 2002 farm bill required USDA to keep segregated data on organic production and marketing. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. Similarly, the bill maintains funding for the Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP)$34.5 million annuallyover the life of the bill. To the extent relevant, the exemption applies to the corresponding provision enacted in section 15101 since they are identical . [Sec. Sense of Congress regarding the cattle fever tick eradication program that the cattle fever tick and the southern cattle tick are vectors of the causal agent of babesiosis, a severe and often fatal disease of cattle; and that implementing a national strategic plan for the cattle fever tick eradication program is a high priority, among other things. [7 U.S.C. 3319f], Authorizes annual appropriations of $30 million through FY2012; permits grants for farmers/ranchers who convert to certified organic production. [Sec. Established totals of base acres, payment acres, and yields are maintained. Authorizes annual appropriations for this purpose. [7 U.S.C. [Sec. [Sec. In the event of a major disaster with extraordinary levels of damage or disruption (such as Hurricane Katrina), SBA may make economic injury disaster loans to small businesses affected by the disaster regardless of location, but priority may be given to small businesses within the disaster area. 7414], National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 [Sec. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. Limits allocations for administrative expenses. [Sec. 3175], Authorizes annual appropriations of $90 million; sets a minimum $100,000 annual distribution in EFNEP funds to each land grant institution; sets minimum funding percentages for the 1890 institutions through FY2013; establishes a formula to distribute funds to states after FY2013; and establishes UDC's eligibility to receive EFNEP funds. $23 million annual mandatory CCC funding for FY2003-07, but with annual spending, shortfalls lapse. [Sec. Authorizes a new Comprehensive Stewardship Incentives Program to coordinate administration of a new Conservation Stewardship Program (see above) and EQIP. 6022], Adopts House provision with changes. 1103(d)] Separate provision for peanuts [Sec. 9001], Establishes the Renewable Woody Biomass for Energy Program, providing Forest Service grants to encourage the use of woody renewable biomass for energy. The other sets the maximum amount of income that an individual can earn and still remain eligible for program benefits (a means test). As part of the efforts to address the needs of socially disadvantaged and limited-resource farmers and ranchers, the bill also authorizes a new USDA Office of Advocacy and Outreach to carry out the Section 2501 program, and also to oversee the Minority Farmer Advisory Committee and carry out the functions of the Office of Outreach and Diversity previously handled by the Office of Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. Authorizes USDA to make competitive grants to universities/others to design and implement programs to improve the safety of fresh-cut produce; authorizes appropriation as necessary, with $25 million annually in mandatory funds through FY2012. [7 U.S.C. Requires USDA to establish plans to encourage borrowers to graduate to private or commercial credit. [Sec. [Sec. 12805], Rehabilitation credit and depreciation schedules to low-income housing for the elderly. 1621 et seq. Establishes a certification process similar to the House bill for all eligible entities. [7 U.S.C. 4017], Same as the House bill. Intended to counter foreign (mostly EU) dairy subsidies. 3221], and (2) federal support for research at the 1890 institutions be at least 25% of the amount appropriated for research at the 1862 universities. Marketing loan gains/LDP: $75,000 [7 U.S.C. Encourages tribal participation. 1304(d)-(e)], Timing: generally, after the end of the 12-month marketing year. [Sec. 9004 of the 2002 farm bill provides for the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program with grants to educate fleet operators and the public on biodiesel benefits. [Sec. Specifies an acreage allocation, limiting payments to $240,000 (6-year).[Secs. [Sec. [Sec. The second deleted provision would have prohibited FDA from issuing a final risk assessment or from lifting the voluntary moratorium until completion of newly mandated studies on the safety and market impacts of introducing products from cloned animals. Revises membership of the committee. 1001(10)], Loan commodity: same as House definition, except does not differentiate types of barley; does not include small grain rice directly (although included in definition of medium grain rice); excludes peanuts which are treated separately; and includes large chickpeas. 113a], Allows explicitly for USDA to conduct FMD (and other hazardous virus) research on the U.S. mainland without issuing itself a permit. As with any omnibus bill covering many issues and laws, the 2008 farm bill may contain technical inconsistencies that are likely to be rectified in a later law. [7 U.S.C. Creates a new elective conservation reserve tax credit that can be claimed in place of payments received under the conservation reserve program. 3201(2)]; (3) allows the funds in the Trust to be invested in low-risk short-term securities or instruments; and (4) lists the rules for the release of commodities or funds from the Trust; defines emergency in cases of release [Sec. 110-161. 12802], Increase exclusion amount for mileage reimbursements to volunteers. 7124], The District of Columbia Public Post-secondary Education Reorganization Act (P.L. [Sec. 11060] Requires the President to review the report and submit proposed legislation based on recommendations. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. 4903], Adopts Senate provision with an amendment to strike the authorization of appropriations to carry out the provision. 2312], Deletes this section and modifies CRP and WRP to accomplish the intent of the Senate amendment, including expanding eligible lands under the CRP pilot program for wetlands and buffer areas [Sec. 110-234, H.R. 1447 of NARETPA authorizes grants to upgrade facilities at 1890 institutions. [7 U.S.C. The 1990 farm bill amended Sec. [Sec. Authorizes appropriations of $400,000 a year (including for start-up grants for equipment and incurred costs). 1221-1222 of the FSA, as amended, makes swampbuster ineligible for certain program benefits, with some exceptions from full loss of eligibility. [Sec. 11087]. The range of reimbursement rates declines to between 15.2% to a maximum of 21.3%. 3001(k)], Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out P.L. Provides for the transition of the USDA graduate school to a non-government entity by Oct. 1, 2009. [21 U.S.C. [12 U.S.C. 67216723] The returns are one of the tax system's tool for boosting tax compliance and for monitoring tax shelters. [Sec. 6105], Adopts Senate provision with changes. For farm commodities, the bill generally continues the framework of the 2002 farm bill, revises payment limitations (tightening certain limits and relaxing others), adjusts support prices for some commodities, and creates a new revenue support program, in addition to the traditional direct, counter-cyclical, and marketing loan programs for major supported crops. The full Senate approved its version of the farm bill (S. 954) on June 10, 2013. [Sec. [IFAFS 7 U.S.C. 1204(e)], Adopts the Senate provision. 3102], Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops (TASC) authorizes USDA to address barriers prohibiting or threatening exports of U.S. specialty crops. USDA provides a conservation reserve program under which farmers receive annual federal payments for contracting to establish resource-conserving covers on farmland (Title XII of the 1985 farm bill). Provides $15 million in mandatory funding. 12507], Modifies penalties for failure to file partnership returns. Deletes House "shipping patterns" provision. The conferees state the goals of this provision are addressed in section 7207 of Title VII (Research). 7915(b)-(e)] Same provision for peanuts. 1401], USDA now pays storage rates of 8/cwt. Provides for small farm participation, and allocates to each state each year the lesser of 20,000 acres or 2.2% of the eligible land. 4304 of the nutrition title). Louisiana and Mississippi due to Hurricane Katrina.). defines "amenable species" subject to mandatory inspection. The House-passed bill, however, had proposed changing the funding basis of McGovern-Dole from discretionary to mandatory and increasing spending from $140 million in FY2009 to $300 million in FY2012. 1301(6)], Producer: generally, an owner, operator, landlord, tenant, or sharecropper that shares in the risk of producing a crop and is entitled to share in the crop available for marketing from the farm, or would have shared had the crop been produced.
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